WOOD RESEARCH Volume 62, Number 6, 2017
Mustafa Kucuktuvek, Ergun Baysal, Turkay Turkoglu, Huseyin Peker, Ahmet Gunduz, and Hilmi Toker

Surface characteristics of scots pine wood heated at high temperatures after weathering

This study was conducted to investigate some surface properties of wood specimens of heat treated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) after weathering such as surface hardness, surface roughness, gloss, and color changes. Heat treatment of Scots pine wood was carried out by hot air in an oven for 1, 2, and 3 hours at 210, 220, and 230°C. The results showed that generally surface hardness losses of heat treated Scots pine wood were lower than that of un-heated Scots pine wood after weathering. Heat treated Scots pine wood gave smooth surface after weathering. Except for heat treatment at 230°C for 1 and 2 hours, heat treatment resulted in better glossiness compared to un-heated Scots pine wood after weathering. According to the test results, while heat treated Scots pine wood become lighter after weathering, un-heated wood become darken after weathering. In general, heat treated wood surface to become reddish and yellowish after weathering.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 62, Number 6, 2017
Turkay Turkoglu, Yahya Kabasakal, Ergun Baysal, Ahmet Gunduz, Mustafa Kucuktuvek, Dursun Kemal Bayraktar, Hilmi Toker, and Huseyin Peker

Surface characteristics of heated and varnished Oriental beech after accelerated weathering

This study was performed to investigate some surface characteristics such as surface hardness, surface roughness, and color changes of heated and varnished Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) after accelerated weathering. Heat treatment of Oriental beech wood was carried out by hot air in an oven for 0.5, 1, and 1.5 h at 210, 220, and 230°C. After heat treatment, Oriental beech wood specimens were varnished using a polyurethane varnish. The results showed that accelerated weathering generally caused increase of surface hardness of Oriental beech. Surface roughness and total color changes of heated and varnished Oriental beech were lower than only varnished (control) Oriental beech after accelerated weathering. Heated and varnished Oriental beech wood gave better surface characteristics than only varnished oriental beech after accelerated weathering.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 62, Number 5, 2017
Ergun Baysal, Turkay Turkoglu, Erdogan Gavcar, Hilmi Toker, Ahmet Gunduz, Mustafa Kucuktuvek, Huseyin Peker, and Dursun Kemal Bayraktar

Weathering properties of Scots pine treated with some chemicals

This study was aimed to investigate the gloss, surface hardness, surface roughness, and color changes of Scots pine that was treated with some chemicals after six months of weathering exposure. Chromated copper boron (CCB), vacsol aqua, and imersol aqua were used as the impregnation chemicals. Scots pine wood specimens were impregnated with 3% aqueous solutions of the chemicals according to ASTM standards.The results showed that while chemical treatment caused a decrease in surface hardness, gloss, and lightness of wood specimens, it increased the surface roughness of the wood before weathering. While the gloss values of all treated Scots pine specimens increased after weathering, the gloss loss was observed for the untreated specimen after weathering. All of the treated and untreated Scots pine wood surfaces were softened after weathering. The chemical treatment caused a decrease of surface roughness of wood after weathering. While in terms of the gloss, surface hardness, and surface roughness changes, the vacsol aqua-treated pine specimens gave the best results. The CCB-treated Scots pine showed the best color stability after weathering.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 63, Number 5, 2018
Saban Kart, Ergun Baysal, Turkay Turkoglu, Mustafa Kucuktuvek, Huseyin Peker, Caglar Altay, Ahmet Gunduz, and Hilmi Toker

The effect of natural weathering on change in the color of heat treated and varnished scots pine and oriental beech woods

This study was designed to investigate color changes of heat treated and varnished Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) after 3 months of weathering. Heat treatment of Oriental beech and Scots pine wood was carried out by hot air in an oven for 1, 2, and 3 hours at 205, 215, and 225°C. After heat treatment, wood specimens were varnished using a polyurethane varnish (PV) and cellulosic varnish (CV). The results of study showed that heat treatment generally caused decrease of lightness of both wood specimens before weathering. In general, while heated and PV coated Scots pine and Oriental beech wood surfaces turned to reddish and yellowish, heated and CV coated Scots pine and Oriental beech wood surfaces turned to reddish and bluish after weathering. The total color changes of heated and varnished both wood specimens were lower than only varnished both wood specimens after weathering.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 64, Number 6, 2019
Ahmet Gunduz, Ergun Baysal, Turkay Turkoglu, Mustafa Kucuktuvek, Caglar Altay, Huseyin Peker, and Hilmi Toker

Accelerated weathering performance of Scots pine preimpregnated with copper based chemicals before varnish coating. Part II: Coated with water based varnish

This study was designed to investigate some surface characteristics such as gloss, color, and surface hardness changes of Scots pine wood preimpregnated with some copper-based chemicals before varnish coating after accelerated weathering. While Adolit KD-5 (AD-KD 5), Wolmanit CX-8 (WCX-8), and Celcure AC-500 (CAC-500) were used as copper-based impregnation chemicals, water-based varnish (WBV) was used as a coating material. Results showed that surface hardness and gloss values of Scots pine were increased after accelerated weathering. Impregnated and WBV coated Scots pine gave better surface characteristics compared to only WBV coated Scots pine. In impregnation chemicals, while AD-KD 5 showed the most appropriate chemical, in terms of surface hardness and total color changes, CAC-500 was found the most valuable chemical in terms of gloss changes after 1000 h accelerated weathering exposure.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 65, Number 1, 2020
Caglar Altay, Ergun Baysal, Hilmi Toker, Turkay Turkoglu, Mustafa Kucuktuvek, Ahmet Gunduz, and Huseyin Peker

Effects of natural weathering on surface characteristics of scots pine impregnated with wolmanit CX-8 and varnished

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of weathering on some surface characteristics such as color and surface roughness changes of Scots pine impregnated with copper-containing chemical such as Wolmanit CX-8 (WCX-8) and varnished with synthetic varnish (SV), cellulosic varnish (CV), and polyurethane varnish (PV) were investigated. Results showed that while the WCX-8 impregnated and PV coated Scots pine specimens showed better color stability than other treatment groups after weathering, only CV coated Scots pine gave the most negative effect on color stability. While, the untreated (control) wood surface turned from red to green and yellow to blue respectively, after weathering, other all treatment groups gave reddish and yellowish tone after weathering. Weathering conditions increased the surface roughness of control (untreated) and other all treatment groups. The control group gave a rougher surface than other treatment groups after weathering. Surface roughness increases were the lower for CV coated Scots pine wood than other treatment groups. The results showed that while WCX-8 impregnation before varnishing gave better color characteristics, generally it caused to increase the surface roughness of Scots pine after weathering.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 64, Number 1, 2019
Saban Kart, Ergun Baysal, Mustafa Kucuktuvek, Turkay Turkoglu, Hilmi Toker, Caglar Altay, Cihan Cibo, and Huseyin Peker

Some surface characteristics of varnished thermowood after weathering

This study was designed to investigate some surface characteristics such as glossiness and surface roughness changes of varnished thermowood after six months of weathering. Thermal modification of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) wood were carried out by hot air in an oven for 1, 2, and 3 hours at 205, 215, and 225°C. After the modification process, wood specimens were varnished using a polyurethane varnish (PV) and cellulosic varnish (CV). The natural weathering process caused an increase in the surface roughness of the test specimens according to the test results. The Scots pine and Oriental beech test specimens which were heat treated and varnished gave more favorable results compared to only varnish test specimens after natural weathering in terms of surface characteristics such as surface roughness and glossiness. Generally, as the heat treatment time and temperature increase, it is observed that the surface characteristics of the Scots pine and Oriental beech wood specimens improve positively. According to the results of the tests, the samples varnished with polyurethane varnish gave better results in terms of surface roughness at the end of the natural weathering process, whereas the samples varnished with cellulosic varnish gave better results in terms of glossiness values.