WOOD RESEARCH Volume 68, Number 1, 2023
Saiyin Fang, Ming Li, Wei Li, Chang Lin Huang, Tingting Deng, and Kun Du

Experimental analysis of acoustic emission propagation velocities and energy attenuation law of p and s waves in wood using improved TDOA measurements

To explore the propagation law of AE signal in wood, the propagation velocity of P-wave and S-wave and the energy attenuation law of different frequency components were studied By PLB (pencil-lead break) tests. Firstly, an improved time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) method was designed to determine the arrive time. The propagation velocities of P-wave and S-wave were calculated. Then, the Young’s modulus was estimated by P-wave velocity. Finally, on the basis of eliminating the influence of standing wave, the energy attenuation models were obtained by numerical fitting and wavelet decomposition. The results showed that the improved TDOA algorithm can calculate the propagation velocity of P-wave and S-wave at the same time through one test, and the P-wave velocity can be used to estimate the Young’s modulus. P-wave propagated faster in soft wood, while S-wave propagated faster in hard wood. The higher the frequency of AE signal, the faster the energy attenuation.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 67, Number 6, 2022
Gezhou Qin, Ming Li, Saiyin Fang, Tingting Deng, Changlin Huang, Zhouling Yang, Feilong Mao, and Yue Zhao

Study on the dispersion characteristics of wood acoustic emission signal based on wavelet decomposition

Artificial AE sources were generated on the surfaces of Ulmus pumila, Zelkova schneideriana, Cunninghamia lanceolata, and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv. specimens. The AE transverse wave signal was decomposed into 3-layers detail signals by wavelet decomposition and reconstructed, and it was calculated based on correlation analysis. Then the longitudinal wave speed was calculated according to the time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) method, and the wood dispersion phenomenon was studied. The results showed that the dispersion phenomenon of Ulmus pumila was obvious. The propagation speed of high-frequency signal was 2.38 times that of low-frequency signal. The ratio of high and low frequency propagation speed of soft wood was 1.72 and 1.73. The dispersion degree of Zelkova schneideriana was the weakest, and the propagation speed of the high frequency was 1.25 times of the low one. The ratios of longitudinal and transverse wave speeds of the four specimens were 4.59, 4.07, 4.24 and 4.2, respectively.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 67, Number 4, 2022
Saiyin Fang, Ming Li, Tingting Deng, and Kun Du

Study on the time-frequency characteristics and propagation law of acoustic emission longitudinal waves in wood grain direction

To study the propagation law of acoustic emission (AE) longitudinal waves in wood, the relationship among wave velocity, standing wave fundamental frequency and Young’s modulus of elasticity was studied, and the energy decay model of AE longitudinal waves along the grain direction was established. Firstly, the propagation velocity of the longitudinal wave was calculated using the time-difference method. Then, the relationship between the wave velocity and Young’s modulus of elasticity was analyzed and the method of calculating the longitudinal wave velocity using the fundamental frequency was proposed. Finally, using different levels’ pulse strings as AE sources, the attenuation law of AE signal energy with distance was studied. The results show that the longitudinal wave velocity can be estimated more accurately by using the standing wave fundamental frequency. The influence of Poisson’s ratio needs to be considered when calculating the Young’s modulus of elasticity by using the longitudinal wave velocity.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 66, Number 4, 2021
Tingting Deng, Shuang Ju, Minghua Wang, and Ming Li

Study on propagation law of acoustic emission signals on anisotropic wood surface

In order to explore the influence of wood’s anisotropic characteristics on Acoustic Emission (AE) signals’ propagation, the law of AE signals’ propagation velocity along different directions was studied. First, The center of the specimen’s surface was took as the AE source, then 24 directions were chose one by one every 15º around the center, and 2 AE sensors were arranged in each direction to collect the original AE signals. Second, the wavelet analysis was used to denoise the original AE signals, then the AE signals were reconstructed by Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). Finally, time difference location method was utilized to calculate AE signals’ propagation velocity. The results demonstrate that AE signals’ propagation velocity has obvious feature of quadratic function. In the range of 90º, as the angle of propagation direction increases, the propagation velocity of the AE signals presents a downward trend.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 66, Number 1, 2021
Minghua Wang, Ming Li, Tingting Deng, Saiyin Fang, Xiaosong Li, and Fei Lai

Study on lamb wave propagation characteristics along the grain of thin wood sheet

Through the time-frequency analysis of the propagation waveform of the acoustic emission (AE) signal propagating in the thin sheet of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, the propagation characteristics of the stress wave when propagating as a lamb wave was studied. An AE source was generated on the surface of the specimen, the discrete wavelet transform method was used to achieve AE signal de-noising and reconstruct the waveform of the AE signal. On this basis, the time difference positioning method was used to calculate the propagation velocity of lamb waves, and compared with the propagation characteristics of lamb waves in the metal specimen. The results show that the high-frequency mode of lamb waves attenuated sharply as they propagate in the thin wood sheet, indicating that the microstructure of wood has a significant low-pass characteristic for lamb waves. The average attenuation rates of lamb waves in metal and thin wood sheet were 87.1% and 75.7%, and the velocity was 4447.0 m.s-1 and 1186.3 m.s-1, respectively. This shows that AE signals can travel longer distances in the thin wood sheet, but the propagation velocity is significantly reduced.