About the Journal

This journal is covered by Thomson Reuters Materials Science Citation Index ExpandedTM,CAB Internacional Abstracting Services and Scopus.

Wood Research publishes original papers aimed at recent advances in all branches of wood science (biology, chemistry, wood physics and mechanics, mechanical and chemical processing etc.). Submission of the manuscript implies that it has not been published before and it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.

e-ISSN 2729-8906
ISSN 1336-4561

Editors

Monika STANKOVSKÁ

Editor

Pulp and Paper Research Institute,
Dúbravská cesta 14, SK-841 04 Bratislava,
Slovak Republic

Štefan ŠTELLER

Editor

Slovak Forest Products Research Institute,
Dúbravská cesta 14, SK-841 04 Bratislava,
Slovak Republic

Vladimír IHNÁT

Associate Editor

Slovak Forest Products Research Institute,
Dúbravská cesta 14, SK-841 04 Bratislava,
Slovak Republic

Indexing & Ranking

WoodResearch in Numbers

70
Years of Publication
5717
Number of Papers
650
Number of Authors Origin

Latest Articles

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 71, Number 1, 2026
KUN DU, LIJIAN YUAN, YOULI WANG, XINLIN LI, MING LI, SAIYING FANG, HAO SHI, YONGYOU CHEN, and XUANRUI GONG

DYNAMIC DETECTION THE DAMAGE AND FRACTURE PROCESS OF LOAD-BEARING WOOD USING ACOUSTIC EMISSION TECHNOLOGY

This research utilizes three-point bending experiment to simulate actual load-bearing scenarios of wood, and uses acoustic emission monitoring system to collect real-time acoustic emission signal parameters, such as ringing count, energy, amplitude, etc. Analyze the relationship between acoustic emission signals and internal damage during different loading stages, and construct an acoustic emission recognition model for damage and fracture process of elm. Research result shown that during elastic deformation and early plastic deformation stage, the activity of acoustic emission is weak, mainly due to damage and delamination at cell wall, and cell wall buckling and collapse. Entering plastic deformation stage, acoustic emission ringing count and energy significantly increase, corresponding to a large number of cell wall ruptures and microcrack initiation. Near macroscopic fracture stage, high-intensity and high-energy acoustic emission signal clusters appear, indicating rapid propagation of main crack and ultimately leading to fracture.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 71, Number 1, 2026
Süleyman Kuştaş, ENGİN DERYA GEZER, and Sefa Durmaz

THE EFFECTS OF PRE-MICROWAVE TREATMENT ON IMPREGNATION PROPERTIES AND SOME MECHANICAL PROPERTİES OF SPRUCE WOOD TREATED WITH CCA

In this study, spruce wood speciemens were subjected to microwave (MW) pre-treatment prior to impregnation. The samples had an initial moisture content (MC) of 60% and were exposed to MW irridation in a microwave oven for 5, 5.5, and 6 min, while maintaining a constant power level of 800 W. Following the MW pre-treatment, the speciemens were impregnated with a 1.5% CCA solution using a vacuum-pressure method consisting if an initial vacuum phase of 20 min followed by a pressure stage of 30 min. Retention values and penetration depths were subsequently measured for each treatment group as well as for untreated control samples. The results indicated that MW pre-treatment significantly improved both retention and penetration performance. The retention values obtained for speciemens treated for 5, 5.5, and 6 min were 5.37, 6.04, and 6.18 kg/cm3, respectively, whereas the control samples exhibited a retention level of 3.64 kg/cm3. These findings demonstrate that MW pre-treatment enhances the impregnation efficiency of spruce wood. However, the treatment also led to reductions in certain mechanical properties, including modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), and compression strength parallel to the grain (CS).

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 71, Number 1, 2026
YASİN KARAŞİN, BÜLENT TOPRAK, MUHAMMED ALİ AYDIN, and MEHMET ALİ ÜNLÜ

THE EFFECTS OF RAINWATER-HARVESTING V-SHAPED MICROCATCHMENTS AND PLANT-SUPPORTIVE AMENDMENTS ON SOIL MOISTURE AND EARLY ESTABLISHMENT OF FRAXINUS ANGUSTIFOLIA VAHL. UNDER SEMI-ARID MEDITERRANEAN CONDITIONS

This study assessed the effectiveness of V-shaped rainwater-harvesting micro catchments and selected plant-supportive amendments on soil moisture dynamics, survival, and early growth performance of narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) during three consecutive growing seasons (2022–2024) in western Türkiye. By the end of the first growing season, mean seedling survival was approximately 63% across treatments. However, complete mortality (100%) occurred in conventional terrace control plots by the second growing season, indicating plantation failure under this method. In contrast, V-shaped micro catchments maintained survival rates of 65% in the second year and 57% after three years. Volumetric soil water content (0–20 cm) measured during the peak drought period (July–September) was consistently higher in micro catchments than in terrace controls. In September 2024, soil moisture in the micro catchment control (C-V) reached 8.17% at the upper position and 5.88% at the lower position, compared to 3.83% and 1.53%, respectively, in terrace plots. Relative diameter increment (RDI) differed significantly among treatments (p < 0.0001), with the straw-based lignocellulosic superabsorbent polymer increasing stem diameter growth by approximately 40% compared with other micro catchment treatments. Relative height increment (RHI) was up to 2.3 times greater in micro catchment plots than in terrace controls. These findings demonstrate that integrating structural rainwater harvesting with wood- and plant-derived water-retaining amendments substantially enhances soil water availability, seedling survival, and early stem growth of F. angustifolia, thereby improving hardwood plantation establishment and resilience under semi-arid Mediterranean environments

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 71, Number 1, 2026
MONIKA STANKOVSKÁ, ANDREJ PAŽITNÝ, ŠTEFAN BOHÁČEK, ALBERT RUSS, and Elena Opálená

THE EFFECT OF FIBRILLATED CELLULOSE PREPARED FROM THE DISTILLERY CORN REFUSE ON POROSITY OF PAPER FILTERS

This study exploited the possibility of using corn distillery refuse as a cheap source of nanocellulose production. Coarse fibrillated cellulose and very fine particles were extracted by acid-alkali extraction. Two methods were compared where either acidic extraction took place before alkaline extraction or with the extraction in a reversed order. The effectiveness of removing hemicellulose and lignin was determined by IR Fourier transform spectroscopy. The optimal technique of application of fibrillated cellulose with added solutions of metal cations with antimicrobial properties on HEPA filter was selected. The optimal conditions were the alkali extraction followed by the acidic extraction and optimal application of solution of fibres and metal ions on filter paper was achieved using rod. The efficiency of filter materials was tested on a filter device with using of two model microorganisms and results showed that it is necessary to consider both the type of fibres, their optimal coating on filter paper as well as the morphology of microorganisms. The mixture of Cu, Al, Mg, Ca and Zn metal ions was sufficient for effective disinfection.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 71, Number 1, 2026
PAVLO LYUTYY, PAVLO BEKHTA, GALYNA ORTYNSKA, and JÁN SEDLIAČIK

Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Wood-Plastic Composites Using Recycled Polyethylene

This study evaluates the environmental impact of producing wood plastic composites (WPC) using recycled polyethylene (rPE) compared to virgin polyethylene (PE). The assessment was based on a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) framework in accordance with ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 standards, applying the Leontief model to quantify environmental performance indicators. Two key parameters were analysed: specific CO2 emissions and the amount of waste destined for landfilling. The findings indicate that the incorporation of rPE into WPC production leads to an approximate 2.7-fold reduction in total CO₂ emissions and a tenfold decrease in landfilled waste. Even when accounting for the additional 10% emissions associated with waste collection and sorting, the overall reduction remains above 60%. These findings are consistent with contemporary circular economy strategies and confirm the environmental feasibility of substituting virgin polymers with recycled feedstock.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 71, Number 1, 2026
Przemysław Mania, MIŁOSZ STASIAK, and EWA SKRODZKA

The Effect of Top Soundboard Thickness on Violin Modal Parameters

This study investigates the impact of top soundboard thickness on the modal parameters of violins. By analysing variations in plate thickness, the research explores how these changes influence modal frequencies, damping characteristics, and overall acoustic properties. Findings indicate that increased thickness results in lower modal frequencies and better damping, which may affect sound quality. The study references established research on violin acoustics and discusses the structural implications of varying plate thicknesses, particularly concerning the effects of string tension. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of violin construction and offer potential guidelines for optimising instrument design to achieve desired tonal qualities.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 71, Number 1, 2026
JATINING DIRI ABIMANYU and GANIS LUKMANDARU

The Effect of Heartwood Extraction on Kraft Pulp Properties of Acacia mangium and Acacia aulacocarpa Wood

Since heartwood parts generally contain higher levels of extractive, in this study, several extraction methods were carried out as a pre-treatment of Acacia mangium and Acacia aulacocarpa heartwood sawdust, followed by kraft pulping in a micro digester. After extraction, pulp properties from the two species were significantly different. Polar solvent extraction effectively increased pulp yield and decreased kappa number levels, while the successive extraction had less impact. Pulp kappa number significantly increased after n-hexane extraction. Compared to the control samples, pulp brightness of A. aulacocarpa wood for single solvent and successive extraction increased sharply. The overall pulp hexuronic acid content significantly decreased after extraction. Successive extraction led to significantly lower pulp viscosity compared to a single solvent extraction. In general, heartwood extraction significantly increased the pH values of A. aulacocarpa black liquor. Considering pulp properties, this study recommends hot-water extraction for A. mangium and successive extraction (n-hexane and methanol) for A. aulacocarpa

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 71, Number 1, 2026
RIZKI ARISANDI, AISHAH AGUSTIAN, DWI LARASWATI, IKHNU PAWESTRI WARDANI, MASAGUS MUHAMMAD PRIMA PUTRA, GANIS LUKMANDARU, Andrian Fernandes, AULIA NUR LAKSMITA, DEBY MIPA SALAM, and RIZKI MAHARANI

The Extractive Analysis of Resins from Dipterocarpus verrucosus Fowx. E and Araucaria cunninghamii Aiton ex D. Don

The extractive analysis of D. verrucosus and A. cunninghamii identified key chemical markers in their resins. GC-MS analysis showed that sesquiterpenes, such as β-spathulenol and β-elemene were dominant in the neutral fractions of the two species. Furthermore, diterpenes, especially thunbergol, were found to be dominant in D. verrucosus while absent in A. cunninghamii. In addition, the acidic fractions were primarily composed of fatty and resin acids, mainly palmitic acid (D. verrucosus) and sandaracopimaric acid (A. cunninghamii). The study concludes that the specific combination of sesquiterpenes, fatty acids, and resin acids serves as a chemical fingerprint for the two species.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 71, Number 1, 2026
TIANWEI ZHANG, MINGZE BAI, HAO LIU, ZIDONG GUO, ZHIXIN TANG, HAO CHANG, and XIAORUI ZHANG

Aging of Wooden Components in Ancient Timber Structures. Fire Risk and Smoke-Heat Hazards

Based on the aging characteristics of wooden components, this study adopted artificial accelerated aging and fire propagation apparatus (FPA) to examine how aging affects the combustion behaviour, fire risk, and smoke-heat hazards of pine wood commonly used in ancient structures. Wood specimens with dimensions (100×100×10 mm and 300×100×10 mm) matching fire performance tests were prepared, and artificial accelerated photoaging treatment was conducted to obtain aged samples with 0, 60 and 120 aging cycles in accordance with the accelerated aging test protocol for wood materials. The results indicate that pine combustion involves three distinct thermal stages: pyrolysis, smouldering, and flaming, with critical high-risk transition points identified. Aging intensified fire risk and related hazards across all stages, particularly accelerating flame spread on vertical components.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 71, Number 1, 2026
UMESH LAMICHHANE, TASFIA HASSAN, AMIR MOOTAB SAEI, FATEMEH REZAEI, MOSTAFA MOHAMMAD ABADI, YUNSANG KIM, ALI DORIEH, and SAURO BIANCHI

The Effect of Hardeners on the Dry and Wet Bondline Strength of Quebracho Tannin Resin in Three-Layer Plywood

This study investigates the tensile shear strength of maple plywood bond lines bonded with quebracho tannin adhesive, modified using different hardeners: hexamine, paraformaldehyde, and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate. Adhesives were prepared by dispersing tannin powder in water, followed by the incorporation of each hardener, and applied to three-layer veneer panels cured under hot pressing. Bond line performance was evaluated under dry and wet conditions using tensile shear tests, with wet testing incorporating an accelerated cyclic-boil aging protocol. The results revealed that paraformaldehyde-modified tannin adhesives achieved the highest dry strength, 3.5 MPa, significantly exceeding the performance of both other tannin-based systems and synthetic adhesives. In contrast, under wet conditions, no significant differences were observed among tannin-based and synthetic adhesives, underscoring the strong influence of moisture on performance

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