About the Journal

This journal is covered by Thomson Reuters Materials Science Citation Index ExpandedTM,CAB Internacional Abstracting Services and Scopus.

Wood Research publishes original papers aimed at recent advances in all branches of wood science (biology, chemistry, wood physics and mechanics, mechanical and chemical processing etc.). Submission of the manuscript implies that it has not been published before and it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.

e-ISSN 2729-8906
ISSN 1336-4561

Editors

Monika STANKOVSKÁ

Editor

Pulp and Paper Research Institute,
Dúbravská cesta 14, SK-841 04 Bratislava,
Slovak Republic

Štefan ŠTELLER

Editor

Slovak Forest Products Research Institute,
Dúbravská cesta 14, SK-841 04 Bratislava,
Slovak Republic

Vladimír IHNÁT

Associate Editor

Slovak Forest Products Research Institute,
Dúbravská cesta 14, SK-841 04 Bratislava,
Slovak Republic

Indexing & Ranking

WoodResearch in Numbers

70
Years of Publication
5717
Number of Papers
650
Number of Authors Origin

Latest Articles

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 70, Number 4, 2025
TOMÁŠ MELICHAR, SILVESTR VASAS, MICHAL KŘIŠTOF, ONDŘEJ KEPÁK, AMOS DUFKA, DANUTE VAIČIUKYNIENĖ, and JIŘÍ BYDŽOVSKÝ

THE ANALYSIS AND MECHANICAL ACTIVATION OF WASTE DUST FROM PROCESSING OF CEMENT-BONDED PARTICLEBOARDS

The article presents research focused on the properties and mechanical activation of waste dust (WDC) generated during the processing of cement-bonded particle boards (CBPs). Six samples of WDC were taken directly from the CBP manufacturer CIDEM Hranice, a.s.during 2024. The properties ofWDC samples were analysed with regards to its application in CBP as an active component of cement matrix. The particle size, distribution, specific surface area, density, wood content, loss on ignition, chemical and mineralogical composition, pH, microstructure, etc. were assessed. The WDC samples were then subjected to homogenization and mechanical activation in a planetary mill. The potential of mechanically activated WDC from CBP processing as a partial cement substitute was proved. While the activated WDC in an amount of 20% showed a 32% decrease in compressive strength, an 19% increase in flexural strength was also observed. As part of follow-up research, the activation process will be optimized by increasing the intensity and duration of grinding.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 70, Number 4, 2025
DOAN VAN DUONG and MASUMI HASEGAWA

NONDESTRUCTIVE PREDICTION OF BENDING STRENGTH OF PINUS MASSONIANA LAMB. LOGS AND SMALL CLEAR SPECIMENS USING STRESS-WAVE MEASUREMENTS

The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between stress-wave velocity measured in logs and small clear specimens and the bending strength of Pinus massoniana trees planted in northern Vietnam. Stress-wave velocity (SWVL) and green wood density (WDL) were measured on logs collected from different heightlevels of 23-year-olds P. massonianatrees. Stress-wave velocity (SWVS), wood density (WDS), and bending strength (MOR) were subsequently determined on small clear specimens prepared from the logs. Regression analyses revealed significant correlations between SWVL and MOR (r = 0.73, P < 0.001) and between SWVS and MOR (r = 0.80, P < 0.001). These results show that stress-wave velocity measurements, whether taken on logs or small specimens, are effective for segregating P. massoniana lumber resources based on MOR. A more accurate prediction of strength was obtained when stress-wave velocity and log or specimen wood density were used together to calculate the dynamic modulus of elasticity of logs (DMOEL) or specimens (DMOES), respectively. The correlation coefficients were 0.82 (P < 0.001) between DMOEL and MOR, and 0.93 (P < 0.001) between DMOES and MOR.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 70, Number 4, 2025
JINGGUI WANG, MING LI, SAIYIN FANG, TINGTING DENG, JIAXIN GUO, ERZHUANG ZHAI, and WENTAO XU

THE STUDY ON THE DAMAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS VAR. MONGOLICA UNDER DIFFERENT MOISTURE CONTENTS

This study investigated the effects of moisture content (0%, 12%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%) on the mechanical behaviour and damage evolution of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica three-point bending tests. A Weibull distribution model quantified damage progression, extracting scale (λ) and shape (k) parameters. Results revealed moisture regulated failure mechanisms, Low moisture (≤20%) induced brittle fracture (high k, low λ) with tensile crack dominance and stress concentration. High moisture (≥30%) promoted ductility (low k, high λ) via enhanced λ, driven by shear cracks. Mixed cracks persisted across all stages. Moisture altered cell wall plasticization, inter-fibre friction, and interfacial bonding, modulating damage evolution. Weibull modelling effectively captured stage dependent damage variable trends. Increased moisture facilitated fibre slippage and interlayer shear through lubrication and cell wall softening.This work establishes quantitative links between moisture content, mechanical response, and micromechanical damage mechanisms in wood, providing insights for moisture dependent structural applications of engineered timber.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 70, Number 4, 2025
DWI SUKMA RINI, IKUMI NEZU, AGUS NGADIANTO, DENNY IRAWATI, JYUNICHI OHSHIMA, SHINSO YOKOTA, and FUTOSHI ISHIGURI

DECAY RESISTANCE OF THREE BAMBOO SPECIES NATURALLY GROWING IN LOMBOK ISLAND, INDONESIA

Culms of three bamboo species, Bambusa vulgaris, B. maculata, and Gigantochloa atter, collected from four natural stands in Lombok Island, Indonesia, were decayed by a white-rot fungus, Trametes versicolor, for 90 days. The obtained data were analysed by a mixed-effect model with a random effect of the sites to evaluate the geographic variations of decay resistance of the culms. Mean mass loss values were 16.3% for B. vulgaris, 20.2% for B. maculata, and 13.8% for G. atter. No significant difference in mass loss was found among the three species. Mass loss was positively correlated with amounts of hot-water extracts and organic solvent extracts in B. vulgaris, and with amounts of hot-water extracts and 1% NaOH extracts in B. maculata. As a result of mixed-effect modelling, the variance component ratio of the sites ranged from about 10 to 30%, suggesting that geographic variation was recognized in the culm decay resistance.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 70, Number 4, 2025
SHUTING XU, DAWEI GU, XIWEN SUN, QIULI WU, HUIJUAN ZHANG, JIAN YANG, XIAOJUN YANG, and ZELI QUE

CONNECTION PERFORMANCE OF LENGTH-WISE FINGER-JOINTED EUCALYPTUS

The high density and large amount of extractives of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus maculata) wood are very unfavorable for the production of its finger-jointed timber. This study examined the mechanical properties of finger-joint nodes during the pressing and unloading processes at the ends, and investigated the effects of chemical agents and heat treatment methods on the performance of finger-joint connections. The results indicated that high end-pressure was crucial for maintaining the stability of finger joints, as a reduction in pressure led to significant displacement relaxation and springback. The high extractive content in eucalyptus had different effects on the bonding performance of different adhesives: polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesive exhibited superior bonding performance, with tensile strength and flexural strength reaching 12.21 MPa and 52.61 MPa, respectively. Furthermore,heat treatment and anhydrous ethanol pretreatment can effectively reduce the impact of extractives at the joint interface, thereby enhancing the bonding strength. Compared to untreated controls, heat treatment improved tensile and flexural strength by 5.7% and 0.6%, respectively, while anhydrous ethanol pretreatment resulted in increases of 3.8% and 7.6%.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 70, Number 4, 2025
RENÁTA KUTLÁKOVÁ, PETER RANTUCH, JOZEF MARTINKA, MARGARÉTA TIBENSKÁ, TOMÁŠ ŠTEFKO, and IGOR WACHTER

CHARACTERIZATION OF IGNITION PROCESS OF THERMALLY TREATED WOOD BY CONE CALORIMETER

This study examines the influence of thermal treatment on the ignition properties of Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) H. Karst.) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) wood. Using a cone calorimeter both untreated and thermally modified samples (180°C for 6 h) were analysed to determine key fire modelling parameters: combustion efficiency, critical heat flux, ignition temperature, thermal inertia, and thermal response parameter. Obtained results reveal that thermally treated wood exhibits higher combustion efficiency than its untreated equivalent, with spruce generally outperforming oak. The effect of thermal treatment on other properties was species-dependent. Thermally treated spruce showed an increase in critical heat flux and a decrease in both thermal inertia and the thermal response parameter. Conversely, thermally treated oak displayed a reduction in critical heat flux and an increase in both thermal inertia and the thermal response parameter. These results highlight the complex, species-specific effects of thermal modification on the fire behaviour of wood.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 70, Number 4, 2025
DUŠAN JOKANOVIĆ, VESNA NIKOLIĆ JOKANOVIĆ, JOVANA PETROVIĆ, MARKO MARINKOVIĆ, BOJAN TUBIĆ, ANDREJA LAZOVIĆ, and FILIP JOVANOVIĆ

MORPHO-ANATOMICAL TRAITS OF QUERCUS CERRIS AND Q. RUBRA ONE-YEAR-OLD SEEDLINGS CULTIVATED IN DIFFERENT CONTAINER TYPES

The paper investigated the variability of the morphological-anatomical traits of one-year-old oak seedlings (Quercus cerris L. and Quercus rubra L.) produced in three different container types (Hiko, Plantagrah, biodegradable). A two-factorial ANOVA showed for the morphological characteristics (root collar diameter and height) statistically significant difference between the species and between the containers, too. The interaction between the variability factors (container type and species) also affects height and root collar diameter. As for the obtained results of two-factorial ANOVA for anatomical parameters (wood, bark, pith proportion, and vessel width), statistically significant differences were obtained for all of them between species, as well as between container types. On the other hand, the interaction of container type and species does not affect vessel width and bark content unlike wood and pith proportion. Comparing the species, it can be concluded that the average values of all traits, apart from vessel width, are higher in Q.rubra L. The largest dimensions of all elements regardless of the species were obtained for Hiko, then Plantagrah, and the smallest for biodegradable container.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 70, Number 4, 2025
VLADIMÍR KUŇA and JOZEF BALBERČÁK

THE INFLUENCE OF PULP BEATING AND PAPERMAKING AGENTS ON THE CHARGE DENSITY OF FIBERS AND COLLOIDAL PARTICLES IN PAPERMAKING WATERS

The first part of the paper is focused on monitoring the impact of the beating process on the charge density of fibres and colloidal particles in water in the production of tissue papers. Three types of pulps most commonly used were tested: long-fibre pine pulp, short-fibre eucalyptus pulp and short-fibre hardwood birch pulp. In the range of beating degrees from 14°SR to 35°SR, the impact of beating on the charge density of fibres expressed as Zeta potential, the charge density of colloidal particles expressed as PCD value and the conductivity of the paper suspension were evaluated. The paper also evaluates the impact of beating on the physical and mechanical properties of laboratory sheets. The second part of the paper is focused on monitoring the impact of papermaking aids, in the production of tissue papers, on the charge density of fibres and colloidal particles in water. The most significant impact was demonstrated by the agent for increasing the wet strength of paper. In these laboratory tests, pulp mixtures were used that were prepared by separately beating individual pulps to a beating degree of 25°SR.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 70, Number 4, 2025
QINYI GU, HONGHAI LIU, and TAO LI

THE STUDY OF SURFACE DENSIFICATION AND TEMPERATE SUPERHEATED STEAM MODIFICATION FOR RUBBERWOOD

This study aimed to develop a high-value wood composite by surface-densification combined with temperate superheated steam modification technology. Rubberwood boards were hot-pressed, the impact of the peak density and thickness of densified layer on the physical and mechanical properties of wood were studied. In this study the platen temperature was kept constant, after hot-pressing the platen cooling phase was omitted replaced by special compression pressure decreasing and steam discharging technic, which could save much energy and time. Superheated steam treatment (190°C for 1.5 h) and conditioning (110°C for 2 h) were recommended for improving dimensional stability and durability. Study results indicated that the surface hardness and modulus of rupture of surface-densified followed by superheated steam modified rubberwood increased by 55.9% and 41.6% compared with non-densified one respectively. Dimensional stability improved substantially. The durability was improved to ‘durable class’ according to GB/T 13942.1-2009.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 70, Number 4, 2025
EMRE BIRINCI

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF EXTREME TEMPERATURE ON SCREW DIRECT WITHDRAWAL RESISTANCE OF WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITE DECKING PROFILES

In this study, the effects of extreme temperatures on screw direct withdrawal resistance (SDWR) of wood plastic composite (WPC) decking profiles were systematically investigated. Commercially produced WPC decking profiles were tested at different temperature levels (-40°C, -20°C, 0°C, room temperature, +40°C and +60°C); their effects on SDWR were evaluated by controlling parameters such as screw diameter (3.0 mm and 3.5 mm) and pilot hole diameter (60%, 70% and 85%). Additionally, the relationships between Shore D hardness and SDWR measured at each temperature level were revealed through statistical analyses. The results show that as the temperature increases, Shore D hardness decreases and accordingly, significant decreases occur in SDWR. The highest SDWR was obtained at -40°C temperature, 60% pilot hole ratio and 3.5 mm screw diameter combination. This highlights the influence of material hardness and screw-material interaction on joint performance. According to Pearson correlation analysis, a strong and statistically significant (r=0.939, p=0.0055) positive relationship was determined between Shore D hardness and SDWR.

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