WOOD RESEARCH Volume 71, Number 3, 2026
EKİM ELÇİN SOYTÜRK, Muratcan Aldemir, and SAIP NAMI KARTAL

Bioremediation of Wood Treated with CCA-C, ACQ, and MCQ Wood Preservatives by Phanerochaete chrysosporium Fungal Strains

This study investigated the bioremediation of wood treated with copper–chromium– arsenic (CCA-C), alkaline copper quat (ACQ), and micronized copper quat (MCQ) using two Phanerochaete chrysosporium fungal strains. Wood flour samples were incubated in fungal liquid cultures over 1 to 10 days. Fungal treatments removed substantially more copper than distilled water controls across all preservative types. Lower preservative loadings yielded copper extraction rates exceeding 90–95% for ACQ and MCQ, whereas higher loadings reduced efficiency. The P. chrysosporium Me strain demonstrated superior performance during later remediation stages. These findings confirm that P. chrysosporium effectively mobilizes copper from soluble and micronized formulations, offering a viable strategy for detoxifying waste wood and enabling resource recovery.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 71, Number 3, 2026
SAIP NAMI KARTAL, EKİM ELÇİN SOYTÜRK, YUKO ITO, and WAKAKO OHMURA

Preliminary Evaluation of Copper Leaching from Commercially Available Wood Species in Japan Treated with Copper Azole Wood Preservative

This study examined copper fixation and leaching in wood treated with copper azole (CuAz) and copper sulfate (CuSO₄), emphasizing the effects of wood species and post-treatment conditions. Five Japanese softwoods, including Sugi, Hinoki, and Douglas fir, were assessed under three conditions: unfixed, ambient-fixed, and heat-treated (60°C for 3 days). Copper fixation was defined as the proportion of non-leachable copper remaining after standardized leaching, with release rates measured via leachate analysis. Results showed that post-treatment condition is the dominant factor controlling copper stabilization. Heat treatment significantly enhanced fixation and reduced leaching across all species and preservative types, indicating improved bonding between copper ions and wood components. Ambient fixation was often insufficient. Sugi sapwood showed the highest leaching, while Hinoki heartwood exhibited the greatest retention. Overall, CuAz outperformed CuSO₄, underscoring the importance of formulation in improving copper stability and durability.