WOOD RESEARCH Volume 70, Number 3, 2025
DONATA KRUTUL, ANDRZEJ ANTCZAK, MICHAŁ DROŻDŻEK, MONIKA MARCHWICKA, ANDRZEJ RADOMSKI, Teresa Kłosińska, and JANUSZ ZAWADZKI

Influence of urban agglomeration environment pollution on the concentration of some non-metals in the trunk of Acer platanoides L.

The influence of environmental pollution on the concentration of some non-metals in wood and bark from trunks of Acer platanoides L. obtained from the crossroads of Platynowa and Towarowa Streets and KrakowskiePrzedmieście Street in Warsaw was observed. Samples were collected from approx. 30-year-old and 40 year-old trees from the butt-end and the mid-height of the trunk part as well as from the top part. On the cross-section of the butt-end and the mid-height, the following sections were distinguished: outer, middle and pith adjacent middle wood and of the butt-end part bark was obtained. The discs from the upper part of the trunks were not divided into sections due to their small diameter. The concentrations of chlorine (Cl-), nitrate (NO3-), sulphate (SO4-) and hydro phosphate (HPO42-) anions were determined using HPLC with a conductometric detector. The content of nitrogen (N) was examined with the Kjeldahl method. The influence of the environmental pollution caused by urban agglomeration on the nitrogen content was denoted. Additionally, chlorine anions concentrations in wood and bark were increased.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 69, Number 2, 2024
DONATA KRUTUL, ANDRZEJ ANTCZAK, MONIKA MARCHWICKA, ANDRZEJ RADOMSKI, MICHAŁ DROŻDŻEK, and JANUSZ ZAWADZKI

THE RELATIONS BETWEEN NON-STRUCTURAL SUBSTANCES, ANNUAL RINGS WIDTH AND LATEWOOD SHARE IN PINUS SYLVESTRIS L. STEM

Extractives and ash contents, share of latewood and annual rings width were analyzed in wood at different heights and different zones of the Pinus sylvestris L. stem cross-section. Additionally, the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a conductometric detector was applied to determine the sulphate (SO42-) and hydrogen phosphate (HPO42-) anions concentrations in wood and bark of Pinus sylvestris L. stem. In this paper, based on the results it was observed, that generally extractives content increased in the direction from sapwood perimeter to middle heartwood and pith adjacent heartwood zone. Moreover, the results showed that the greater share of latewood in annual rings the lower ash and extractives contents in the wood, but the higher sulphate (SO42-) and hydrogen phosphate (HPO42-) anions concentration. The sulphate (SO42-) and hydrogen phosphate (HPO42-) anions concentrations in the bark of the Pinus sylvestris L. stem were higher at the top than at the butt-end part

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 61, Number 2, 2016
Piotr Mańkowski, Paweł Kozakiewicz, and MICHAŁ DROŻDŻEK

The selected properties of fossil oak wood from medieval burgh in Płońsk

Oak wood is characterized by a high resistance to effects of biotic factors and thereby it is often found in archaeological excavations. While lying over many years in the wet environment, the wood turns black as a result of reaction with iron compounds. Archaeological oak is a valuable raw material. In this paper selected mechanical and chemical properties of a thousand years archaeological oak were investigated. Then the archaeological oak properties were examined and compared with the contemporary oak wood. Archaeological oak wood as well as contemporary oak wood has a directly proportional relationship between MOE (modulus of elasticity) and wood density, and similar relationships between wood density and compressive strength, bending strength, content of mineral substances. Contemporary wood of the same density as the archaeological oak wood would show significantly higher mechanical properties.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 62, Number 3, 2017
DONATA KRUTUL, Tomasz Zielenkiewicz, ANDRZEJ RADOMSKI, JANUSZ ZAWADZKI, ANDRZEJ ANTCZAK, MICHAŁ DROŻDŻEK, and Tomasz Makowski

Metals accumulation in scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood and bark affected with environmental pollution

Studies on the content and distribution of mineral substances including calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), sodium (Na), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), lead (Pb) and strontium (Sr) were performed. Samples of Scots pine were gained from stems with Ist degradation degree of tree (considered to grow in the area with weak environmental pollution), IInd degradation degree (strong pollution) and IIIrd degradation degree (very strong pollution). Nitrogen industrial plant was acknowledged as the source of pollution. Samples were collected from butt-end, middle- and top sections of the stem in following zones: sapwood, heartwood adjacent sapwood, heartwood and bark. Results indicate that nitrogen industrial plant causes the decrease of mineral substances content in bark from butt-end section of stems with IInd and IIIrd degradation degree in relation to stems with Ist degradation degree. Calcium content is the highest in heartwood and decreases in the direction to stem perimeter, regardless of stem section and environmental pollution degree. Very strong pollution decreases potassium content in wood in comparison to samples collected in areas with strong and weak pollution. Environmental pollution also decreases sodium content in wood, and increases content of manganese, aluminum, lead and strontium.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 63, Number 5, 2018
DONATA KRUTUL, Tomasz Zielenkiewicz, JANUSZ ZAWADZKI, ANDRZEJ RADOMSKI, ANDRZEJ ANTCZAK, and MICHAŁ DROŻDŻEK

Influence of urban agglomeration environmental pollution on content of chosen metals in bark, roots and wood of norway maple (Acer platanoides L.)

Chosen metals contents were analyzed in Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) in bark, roots and wood samples collected from the polluted environment. Samples were gained from three cca. 40-year old trunks, which were grown on Krakowskie Przedmieście st., next to the St. Anna church in Warsaw, Poland. Wood of trunk and the main roots, as well as bark from butt-end section were also sampled. Contents of Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Fe, Al, K, Na and Sr were examined with the application of spectrometric methods. The results show that environmental pollution significantly influences the content of examined elements. The change of Na content is the most spectacular. Its content is hundred times higher, in wood and bark, as well as in the main roots, in relation tree from non-polluted environment, what is probably caused by urban environment salinity.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 66, Number 1, 2021
DONATA KRUTUL, Jan Szadkowski, ANDRZEJ ANTCZAK, MICHAŁ DROŻDŻEK, ANDRZEJ RADOMSKI, Stanisław Karpiński, and JANUSZ ZAWADZKI

The concentration of selected heavy metals in poplar wood biomass and liquid fraction obtained after high temperature pretreatment

The concentration of selected heavy metals: chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in 5-year-old wood of Populus trichocarpa before and after steam explosion (SE) and liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatments was studied. The concentration of the above heavy metals in the liquid fraction obtained after pretreatments was also studied. The studied problem of heavy metals in lignocellulosic biomass is an interesting and important issue in the context of bioethanol production technology. An X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) was used to analyse the concentration of heavy metals. The change of concentration of the tested elements in wood biomass after pretreatment was small (except for iron). On the other hand, the average concentration of iron in wood biomass of a 5-year-old Populus trichocarpa, after SE and LHW with duration of the pretreatments 15 and 60 min, increased about 24-fold to 28-fold, comparing to its average concentration in native wood. During the pretreatment process, wood biomass absorbed the iron that at high temperatures passed from the pretreatment equipment to the solution. The average concentration of the elements under research in liquid fraction obtained during SE and LHW of wood biomass with duration of the pretreatments 15 and 60 min was at a low level.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 66, Number 2, 2021
DONATA KRUTUL, ANDRZEJ RADOMSKI, ANDRZEJ ANTCZAK, MICHAŁ DROŻDŻEK, Teresa Kłosińska, Dominika Szadkowska, and JANUSZ ZAWADZKI

Influence of the environmental pollution on the distribution and polymerization degree of cellulose in bark and wood from scots pine (Pinus Sylvestris L.) stem

The pine stems were cut from three different polluted environments – Ist trees degradation degree (weak pollution), IInd trees degradation degree (strong pollution) and IIIrd trees degradation degree (connected with very strong pollution). On the basis of obtained results it was stated that environmental pollution caused changes in late wood participation, as well as distribution of cellulose on the stem cross- and longitudinal section. It also changed cellulose content in bark from the butt-end section, which was about 26% regardless the degradation degree. The environmental pollution caused also an increase of viscometric average polymerization degree of cellulose in heartwood in relation to heartwood adjacent sapwood and sapwood from butt-end section. Regardless the degradation degree, cellulose polymerization degree in heartwood adjacent sapwood from the middle part of the stem was higher in comparison to sapwood and heartwood. Moreover, the environmental pollution caused the increase of viscometric average polymerization degree of cellulose in bark. The polymerization degree of cellulose in bark from the butt-end section of IIIrd degradation degree stems was 22% and 23% higher in comparison to the Ist and IInd degradation degree.