WOOD RESEARCH Volume 70, Number 3, 2025
NUR DZAKIRA SAHBANI, ANDI DETTI YUNIANTI, SUHASMAN S, Kidung Tirtayasa Putra Pangestu, GUSTAN PARI, and LISNA DEVIYANTI

EFECTIVENESS OF SAPPAN WOOD DYE MICROPARTICLES IN THE DYEING OF CANDLENUT AND GMELINA WOOD WITH ALUM AND SODA ASH MORDANTING PRETREATMENT

The aesthetic appearance of wood, especially for handicrafts, is greatly influenced by color. Dyeing is an important method to improve the aesthetics of wood. This research focuses on the effectiveness of wood staining using natural dyes from sappan wood, which has the color-giving compound brazilin. However, natural colorants are often less effective due to their low affinity to wood. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of micro-particles of sappan wood natural dye on candlenut wood and gmelina wood. The pretreatment given during the dyeing process is mordanting using alum and soda ash to improve color absorption and durability. The results showed that mordanting pretreatment with a combination of alum and soda ash (5 g/l : 5 g/l) provided optimal dye penetration depth in both types of wood. FTIR analysis confirmed the interaction between the colorants and the wood components. Candlenut wood showed deeper dye penetration than gmelina wood, which is thought to be due to differences in the anatomical structure of the wood.

WOOD RESEARCH Volume 61, Number 5, 2016
Jihang Hu, Wenmiao Fan, Bin Luo, Hongwu Guo, and Li Li

Assessment of the dyeing properties of maple veneer treated by dichlorotriazine reactive dye based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation

Effects of dye concentration, dyeing temperature and time, volume ratio, and dyeing assistant and fixing agent, fixing time on the dye-uptake and K/S were investigated with orthogonal experiments. The major factors on dye-uptake and K/S were identified using visual and variance analysis. Dye-uptake and K/S were synthetically evaluated and optimally selected with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Results showed that dye concentration and temperature were significantly affected by all the seven factors during dyeing process on dye-uptake and K/S. The optimal parameters for the dye effect of maple veneer were: temperature 65.0ºC, dye concentration 3.0 %, dyeing assistant 40.0 g.L-1, dyeing time 3.0 hours, fixing agent 20.0 g.L-1, fixing time 10.0 minutes, volume ratio 1:20. Additionally, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) results indicated that reactive dyes were combined with maple fiber and diffused into the wood lumen and wood ray. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated the intensive of crystallinity in the dyed wood was declined due to the dichlorotriazine reactive dye. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that the residue of dyed veneer was higher than undyed, and the temperature at maximum degradation rate of dyed and undyed veneer was different.